Эвклид

Эвклид (грек: Εὐκλείδης; 300 НЩ) — некӀсияв грек математикчи, геометр ва логикчи. "Геометриялъул эменлъун" рикӀкӀунев гьев аслияб къагӀидаялъ машгьур вуго Элементал трактаталдалъун, жинца геометриялъе кьучӀ лъураб ва жиб гьеб рахъалда аслияб хӀалтӀилъун букӀараб XIX гӀасруялде щвезегӀан. Эвклидилаб геометрия хӀисабалда гьанже лъалеб гьесул системаялъ гъорлӀе инновациялги, гьесдаса цере рукӀарал грек математиказул теориялги. Эвклид рикӀкӀуна некӀсияб мехалъул бищун лъикӀал математикчагӀазул ва математикадул тарихалда жанив бищун авторитет бугездаса цоявлъун.

МугъчӀваял

Иццал

ТӀахьал

• Artmann, Benno (2012) [1999]. Euclid: The Creation of Mathematics. New York: Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4612-1412-0.
• Ball, W.W. Rouse (1960) [1908]. A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (4th ред.). Mineola: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-20630-1.
• Bruno, Leonard C. (2003) [1999]. Math and Mathematicians: The History of Math Discoveries Around the World. Baker, Lawrence W. Detroit: U X L. ISBN 978-0-7876-3813-9. OCLC 41497065.
• Boyer, Carl B. (1991) [1968]. A History of Mathematics (2nd ред.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8.
• Cuomo, Serafina (2005) [2001]. Ancient Mathematics. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-71019-5.
• Fowler, David (1999). The Mathematics of Plato's Academy (2nd ред.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850258-6.
• Goulding, Robert (2010). Defending Hypatia: Ramus, Savile, and the Renaissance Rediscovery of Mathematical History. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. ISBN 978-90-481-3542-4.
• Heath, Thomas, ред. (1908). The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements. Том 1. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-60088-8.
• Heath, Thomas, ред. (1908b). The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements. Том 2. New York: Dover Publications.
• Heath, Thomas L. (1981) [1921]. A History of Greek Mathematics. Том 2 Vols. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-24073-8и 0-486-24074-6
• Jahnke, Hans Niels (2010). "The Conjoint Origin of Proof and Theoretical Physics". Гъоркь: Hanna, Gila; Jahnke, Hans Niels; Pulte, Helmut (редл.). Explanation and Proof in Mathematics: Philosophical and Educational Perspectives. Berlin: Springer US. ISBN 978-1-4419-0576-5.
• Jones, Alexander, ред. (1986). Pappus of Alexandria: Book 7 of the Collection. Том Part 2: Commentary, Index, and Figures. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-3-540-96257-1.
• Pickover, Clifford A. (2009). The Math Book: From Pythagoras to the 57th Dimension, 250 Milestones in the History of Mathematics. New York: Sterling Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4027-5796-9.
• Sialaros, Michalis (2018). "How Much Does a Theorem Cost?". Гъоркь: Sialaros, Michalis (ред.). Revolutions and Continuity in Greek Mathematics. Berlin: De Gruyter. гьл. 89–106. ISBN 978-3-11-056595-9.
• Sialaros, Michalis (2020). "Euclid of Alexandria: A Child of the Academy?". Гъоркь: Kalligas, Paul; Balla, Vassilis; Baziotopoulou-Valavani, Chloe; Karasmanis, Effie (редл.). Plato's Academy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. гьл. 141–152. ISBN 978-1-108-42644-2.
• Smorynski, Craig (2008). History of Mathematics: A Supplement. New York: Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-387-75480-2.
• Tracy, Stephen V (2000). "Demetrius of Phalerum: Who was He and Who was He Not?". Гъоркь: Fortenbaugh, William W.; Schütrumpf, Eckhart (редл.). Demetrius of Phalerum: Text, Translation and Discussion. Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities. Том IX. New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-3513-2690-2.
• Venema, Gerard (2006). The Foundations of Geometry. Hoboken: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-143700-5.
• Wolfe, Harold E. (1945). Introduction To Non-Euclidean Geometry. New York: Dryden Press.

Журналиял ва энциклопедиял макъалаби

• Acerbi, Fabio (September 2008). "Euclid's Pseudaria". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 62 (5): 511–551. doi:10.1007/s00407-007-0017-3. JSTOR 41134289. S2CID 120860272. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
• Asper, Markus (2010). "Euclid". Гъоркь: Gagarin, Michael (ред.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517072-6.
• Hähl, Hermann; Peters, Hanna (10 Юн 2022). "A Variation of Hilbert's Axioms for Euclidean Geometry". Mathematische Semesterberichte. 69 (2): 253–258. doi:10.1007/s00591-022-00320-3. S2CID 249581871. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
• Халип:Cite EB1911
• Sialaros, Michalis (2021) [2015]. "Euclid". Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2521. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
• Taisbak, Christian Marinus; Waerden, Bartel Leendert van der (5 Январ 2021). "Euclid". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.