ХӀайда мацӀ
ХӀайда мацӀ (X̱aat Kíl[a], X̱aadas Kíl, X̱aayda Kil, Xaad kil[2]) ккола ХӀайдал абулеб халкъалъул мацӀ, жинда Канадалъул рагӀалда бугеб ХӀайда Гваии архипелагалдаги Аласкалда Велсалъул Принцасул чӀинкӀиллъудаги кӀалъалеб. ТӀагӀиналъул хӀинкъи бугеб мацӀ, элда кӀалъала 24 чи, эб букӀахъинабиялда тӀахӀалтӀиги буго жеги гьабулеб. ХӀайда Гваииялде (Haida Gwaii) 1774 соналъ европиял рачӀинегӀан, ХӀайда мацӀалда кӀалъалезел риккӀен букӀана 15,000 чи. Эпидемияз кватӀичӀого ХӀайдазул риккӀен гӀодобе инабуна, эл ххутӀана лъабго росулӀ: Массет, Скидигит, ва Гьайдбург.
ХӀайда | |
---|---|
X̱aat Kíl, X̱aadas Kíl, X̱aayda Kil, Xaad kil | |
Территория | |
Этниклъи | ХӀайдал |
КӀалъалел | 13 (2018, 2020)[1] |
Латин | |
Официалаб статус | |
Официалаб мес | ХӀайда халкъалъул данделъи Аласка |
МацӀалъул кодал | |
ISO 639-2 | hai |
ISO 639-3 | hai – инклусивияб кодИндивидуалал кодал: hdn – Northern Haidahax – Southern Haida |
Glottolog | haid1248 |
ELP | Xaad Kil (Haida) |
ХӀайда мацӀ тӀибитӀун букӀараб бакӀ | |
Хьондасеб ХӀайда классификатун буго ЮНЕСКОдул ХӀинкъаликь ругел дунялалъул мацӀазул атласалъ тӀагӀине хӀинкъи бугеблъун | |
Диалектал
хисизабизеХӀайда мацӀалъул диалектал рикьула аслия куцалъ Хьондасеб ва Бакъдасеб диалектазде.[3] Хьондасеб ХӀайда бикьун буго Аласкалъул (яги Кайгани) ХӀайда ва Массет (яги Хьондасеб Грэгьем чӀинкӀил) ХӀайда гӀадин.[3] Бакъдасеб ХӀайда бикьун букӀана цин Скидигит ХӀайдалде ваги Нинстинц ХӀайдалде, хӀо Нинстинц ХӀайда тӀокӀаб гьечӀо ва квеш документун букӀана.[3] Диалектал ратӀа гьарула фонологиялдалъун ва дагьабго къадар лексконалдалъун; хӀо грамматикияб рахъалъ эл руго релълъарал.[4]
Хьондасеб ХӀайдалда руго фарингеалал рагьукъал.[5] Фарингеалал рагьукъал дунялалъул мацӀазе цӀакъ къанагӀатал ккола, Хьондасеб Америкаялъул мацӀазецин.[6] Гьел руго хасиятал Хьондасеб БакътӀерхьул Америкалъул гьитӀинабго ареалалда ругел цо-цо мацӀазе, Салишан ва Вакашан мацӀ, гьедин ХӀайда мацӀазе руго.[5] Вакашан ва Хьондасеб ХӀайда мацӀазда, лъалеб жо буго, фарингеалал рагьукъал раккун руго гӀемер цегӀан гуро.[5]
Баянал
хисизабизе- ^ /ħaːjd̥a/; Хьондасеб ХӀайда варианат xaad /ħaːd̥/.
МугъчӀвая
хисизабизе- ^ ХӀайда: Ethnologue (25леб ред., 2022)
Northern Haida: Ethnologue (25леб ред., 2022)
Southern Haida: Ethnologue (25леб ред., 2022) - ^ Hume, Stephen. A high-tech fight to save B.C.'s indigenous languages, The Vancouver Sun (Март 17, 2014).
- ^ a b c Enrico (2003:1)
- ^ Lachler, Jordan. "Haida Language Mainpage". Щвей 23 Май 2008.
- ^ a b c Mithun (2001:18)
- ^ Mithun (2001:17)
Библиография
хисизабизе- Enrico, John; Stuart, Wendy Bross (1996). Northern Haida Songs. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-1816-8.
- Enrico, John (2003). Haida Syntax. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-1822-2.
- Enrico, John (2004). "Toward Proto – Na-Dene". Anthropological Linguistics. 46 (3): 229–302.
- Lawrence, Erma (1977). Haida dictionary. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center.
- Mithun, Marianne (2001). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052129875X.
- Schoonmaker, Peter K.; Von Hagen, Bettina; Wolf, Edward C. (1997). The Rain Forests of Home: Profile of a North American Bioregion. Island Press. ISBN 1-55963-480-4.
- Steedman, Scott; Collison, Nika (Jisgang) (2011). That Which Makes Us Haida — the Haida Language. Skidegate: Haida Gwaii Museum Press. ISBN 978-0-920651-32-2.
Цогидал публикацияби
хисизабизе- Andersen, Doris (1974). Slave of the Haida. Toronto: Macmillan Co. of Canada. ISBN 9780770516338.
- Bengtson, John D (2008). "Materials for a Comparative Grammar of the Dene–Caucasian (Sino-Caucasian) Languages". Aspects of Comparative Linguistics. 3. Moscow: RSUH Publishers: 45–118.
- Dauenhauer, Nora; Dauenhauer, Richard; Black, Lydia, редл. (2008). Anóoshi lingit aaní ká: Russians in Tlingit America: the battles of Sitka, 1802 and 1804. University of Washington Press.
- Dawson, George M. (1880). "Appendix B: Vocabulary of the Haida Indians of the Queen Charlotte Islands". Report on the Queen Charlotte Islands, 1878. ISBN 9780665148880. Щвей 26 Август 2012.
- Dürr, Michael; Renner, Egon (1995). "The History of the Na-Dene Controversy: A Sketch". Гъоркь: Renner, Egon; Dürr, Michael (редл.). Language and Culture in North America: Studies in Honor of Heinz-Jürgen Pinnow. Lincom Studies in Native American Linguistics. Том 2. Munich: Lincom Europa. гьл. 3–18.
- Enrico, John (1983a). "The Haida Language". Гъоркь: Scudder, G. E.; Gessler, Nicholas (редл.). The Outer Shores. Queen Charlotte City, BC: Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press. гьл. 223–248.
- Enrico, John (1983b). "Tense in the Haida Relative Clause". International Journal of American Linguistics. 52: 91–123. doi:10.1086/466008. S2CID 144085511.
- Enrico, John (1986). "Word Order, Focus and Topic in Haida". International Journal of American Linguistics. 49: 136–166.
- Enrico, John (1991). The Lexical Phonology of Masset Haida. Alaska Native Language Center Research Papers. Том 8. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center.
- Enrico, John (1998). "Remarks on Pitch in Skidegate Haida". Gengo Kenkyu. 12: 115–120.
- Enrico, John. 2003. Haida Syntax. (2 volumes). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
- Enrico, John. 2005. Haida Dictionary: Skidegate, Masset, and Alaskan Dialects. (2 volumes). Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center; Juneau: Sealaska Heritage Institute.
- Fisher, Robin. 1992. "Contact and Conflict: Indian-European Relations in British Columbia, 1774–1890." UBC Press.
- Greenberg, J.H. 1987a. Language in the Americas. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Greenberg, J.H. 1987b. "The Na-Dene Problem". In Greenberg (1987a), pp. 321–330.
- Harrison, Charles. 1925. "Ancient Warriors of the North Pacific; The Haidas, Their Laws, Customs and Legends." London, H. F. & G. Witherby.
- Harrison, Charles; Royal Society of Canada (1895). Haida grammar (microform). ISBN 9780665063992. Щвей 26 Август 2012.
- Hibben & Carswell (1865). Dictionary of Indian tongues (microform) : containing most of the words and terms used in the Tshimpsean, Hydah, & Chinook, with their meaning or equivalent in the English language. ISBN 9780665143663. Щвей 26 Август 2012.
- Keen, John Henry (1906). A grammar of the Haida language. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Щвей 26 Август 2012.
- Levine, Robert D. (1979). "Haida and Na-Dene: A New Look at the Evidence". International Journal of American Linguistics. 45 (2): 157–70. doi:10.1086/465587. S2CID 143503584.
- Manaster Ramer, Alexis (1996). "Sapir's Classifications: Haida and the Other Na Dene languages". Anthropological Linguistics. 38: 179–215.
- Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen (1976). Geschichte der Na-Dene-Forschung. ISBN 3-7861-3027-2.
- Pinnow. H-J. 1985. Das Haida als Na-Dene Sprache. (Abhandlungen der völkerkundlichen Arbeitsgemeinschaft, Hefte 43–46.) Nortorf, Germany: Völkerkundliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft.
- Pinnow. H-J. 2006a. Die Na-Dene-Sprachen im Lichte der Greenberg-Klassifikation. / The Na-Déné Languages in Light of Greenberg's Classification. Zweite erweiterte Auflage / Second revised edition. Bredstedt: Druckerei Lempfert.
- Pinnow. H-J. 2006b. Sprachhistorische Untersuchung zur Stellung des Haida als Na-Dene-Sprache. (Unveränderte Neuausgabe aus INDIANA 10, Gedenkschrift Gerdt Kutscher. Teil 2. Berlin 1985. Mit einem Anhang = Die Na-Dene-Sprachen im Verhältnis zum Tibeto-Chinesischen.) Bredstedt: Druckerei Lempfert.
- Rosman, Abraham; Rubel, Paula G. (1971). Feasting with Mine Enemy: Rank and Exchange among Northwest Coast Societies. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231034838.
- Ruhlen, M (1998). "The Origin of the Na-Dene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (23): 13994–13996. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9513994R. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994. PMC 25007. PMID 9811914.
- Sapir, Edward (1915). "The Na-Dene Languages: A Preliminary Report". American Anthropologist. 17 (3): 534–558. doi:10.1525/aa.1915.17.3.02a00080.
- Stearns, Mary Lee (1981). Haida Culture in Custody. University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295957630.
- Swanton, John R. 1905. Haida Texts and Myths. Skidegate dialect. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 29.) Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Swanton, John R. 1908. Haida Texts. Masset Dialect. (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 10, part 2.) Leiden: E. J. Brill.
КъватӀисел регӀелал
хисизабизе- Haida language, archive
- Listen to the sounds of Haida, archive
- Skidegate Haida Portal, First Voices
- Raven, a story in the Haida language
- Haida writing systems, archive
- Haida linguistics bibliography
- The Book of Common Prayer in Haida
- How to count in Haida
- FirstVoices Haida iPhone App
- FirstVoices Haida Online Dictionary
- Haida basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
- ELAR archive of Northern (Massett) Haida language documentation materials Archived 1 юн 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Dictionary of Alaska Haida Archived 2023-11-13 at the Wayback Machine
- Alaskan Haida Phrasebook Archived 2023-08-02 at the Wayback Machine
- Northern Haida (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
Халип:Languages of Alaska Халип:Languages of Canada Халип:Language families