ГӀараб мацӀ
ГӀара́б мацӀ (ГӀараб: اللغة العربية, al-luġa al-ʿarabiyya) ккола семит хъизаналъул афразиялъул мацӀазул макрохъизаналъул мацӀлъун, жибги аслияб къагӀидаялъ тӀибитӀун бугеб Африкаялда ва Азиялда. ГӀараб мацӀалда кӀалъалезул къадар бахуна 240 млн. чиясде[4] (Рахьдал мацӀ), жеги 50 миллион чияс хӀалтӀизабула ГӀараб мацӀ кӀиабилеб мацӀ гӀадин. Классикияб гӀараб мацӀ — Къуръаналъул мацӀ жибги кколеб — ккураб къагӀидаялъ динилда хӀалтӀизабула дунялалъулго бусурбабаца (гӀаммаб къадар — 1,57 млрд чи[5]).
Классификация
хисизабизеТарих
хисизабизеФонология
хисизабизеГрамматика
хисизабизеСурсатал
хисизабизе- As-Sabil
- Bateson, Mary Catherine (2003), Arabic Language Handbook, Georgetown University Press, ISBN 978-0-87840-386-8
- Durand, Olivier; Langone, Angela D.; Mion, Giuliano (2010), Corso di Arabo Contemporaneo. Lingua Standard (in итальянский), Milan: Hoepli, ISBN 978-88-203-4552-5
- Gregersen, Edgar A. (1977), Language in Africa, CRC Press, ISBN 978-0-677-04380-7
- Grigore, George (2007), L'arabe parlé à Mardin. Monographie d'un parler arabe périphérique, Bucharest: Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti, ISBN 978-973-737-249-9, Архивация оригинал (27 September 2007)
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|archivedate=(help) - Hanna, Sami A.; Greis, Naguib (1972), Writing Arabic: A Linguistic Approach, from Sounds to Script, Brill Archive, ISBN 978-90-04-03589-8
- Haywood; Nahmad (1965), A new Arabic grammar, London: Lund Humphries, ISBN 978-0-85331-585-8
- Hetzron, Robert (1997), The Semitic languages (Illustrated ред.), Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-0-415-05767-7
- Irwin, Robert (2006), For Lust of Knowing, London: Allen Lane
- Kaplan, Robert B.; Baldauf, Richard B. (2007), Language Planning and Policy in Africa, Multilingual Matters, ISBN 978-1-85359-726-8
- Kaye, Alan S. (1991), "The Hamzat al-Waṣl in Contemporary Modern Standard Arabic", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 111 (3): 572–574, doi:10.2307/604273, JSTOR 604273
- Lane, Edward William (1893), Arabic–English Lexicon (2003 reprint ред.), New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, ISBN 978-81-206-0107-9, Архивация оригинал (10 December 2013), Щвей 24 August 2006
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|access-date=ва|archive-date=(help) - Lipinski, Edward (1997), Semitic Languages, Leuven: Peeters
- Mion, Giuliano (2007), La Lingua Araba (in итальянский), Rome: Carocci, ISBN 978-88-430-4394-1
- Mumisa, Michael (2003), Introducing Arabic, Goodword Books, ISBN 978-81-7898-211-3
- Procházka, S. (2006), ""Arabic"", Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2nd ред.)
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1993), Arabic–English Dictionary, Asian Educational Services, ISBN 978-81-206-0855-9
- Suileman, Yasir. Arabic, Self and Identity: A Study in Conflict and Displacement. Oxford University Press, 2011. ISBN 0-19-974701-6и 978-0-19-974701-6.
- Thelwall, Robin (2003). "Arabic". Handbook of the International Phonetic Association a guide to the use of the international phonetic alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63751-0.
- Traini, R. (1961), Vocabolario di arabo [Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic] (in итальянский), Rome: I.P.O.
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|agency=ignored (help) - Vaglieri, Laura Veccia, Grammatica teorico-pratica della lingua araba, Rome: I.P.O.
- Versteegh, Kees (1997), The Arabic Language, Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-90-04-17702-4
- Watson, Janet (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-824137-9
- Wehr, Hans (1952), Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart: Arabisch-Deutsch (1985 reprint (English) ред.), Harassowitz, ISBN 978-3-447-01998-9
- Wright, John W. (2001), The New York Times Almanac 2002, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-57958-348-4
КъватӀисел линкал
хисизабизе
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ГӀараб мацӀ Викигъамасалда |
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ГӀараб мацӀ Викидалилалда |
- Arabic: a Category III language Languages which are difficult for native English speakers.
- Dr. Nizar Habash's, Columbia University, Introduction to Arabic Natural Language Processing
- Google Ta3reeb – Google Transliteration
- Transliteration Arabic language pronunciation applet
- Alexis Neme (2011), A lexicon of Arabic verbs constructed on the basis of Semitic taxonomy and using finite-state transducers
- Alexis Neme and Eric Laporte (2013), Pattern-and-root inflectional morphology: the Arabic broken plural
- Alexis Neme and Eric Laporte (2015), Do computer scientists deeply understand Arabic morphology? – هل يفهم المهندسون الحاسوبيّون علم الصرف فهماً عميقاً؟, available also in Arabic, Indonesian, French
- Халип:Cite NIE
- Arabic manuscripts, UA 5572 Archived 2020-02-18 at the Wayback Machine at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University Online Arabic Keyboard
- Catafago, Joseph (1873). An English and Arabic Dictionary (in английский ваарабский) (2nd ред.). London, England: Bernard Quaritch. гь. 1114. Архивация оригиналалдаса 19 October 2018. Щвей 2018-10-18.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help); Check date values in:|archive-date=(help) (Bilingual dictionary)
[[Категория:ГӀуманалул мацӀал]
- ^ a b "Arabic – Ethnologue". Ethnologue. Simons, Gary F. and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2018. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 21st edition. Архивация оригиналалдаса 5 January 2016. Щвей 21 February 2018.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=ва|archive-date=(help) - ^ "Journal Officiel de la Republique du Senegal". Архивация оригиналалдаса 18 May 2015. Щвей 8 August 2018.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=ва|archive-date=(help) - ^ Wright (2001:492)
- ^ Цитатинабиялъул гъалатӀ: Мекъаб тег
<ref>; мурад баян гьабун хъвалебавтоссылка1-лъе текст бихьизабун гьечІо - ^ Доклад Pew Research Center о распространённости ислама в мире" (2009 год) Archived 2009-10-10 at the Wayback Machine